The increase of the average duration of life cycle of an enterprise by its updating as the direction of research is especially important nowadays as enterprises require system development. The development of enterprises depends on the configuration of the organizational structure, the dominant coordination mechanism and the top management style for the type of environment of the company. This article deals with the issue of development of generalized matrix identifying areas upgrades enterprise by the timely transformation of configurations organizational structures and a style of top management because of changes in selected policies at different stages in life cycle of the organization in accordance with an existing type of environment.

Pomegranate (Punicagranatum L.) was recorded as one of the most important medicinal plant. It has several pharmaceutical and ornamental use due to bioactive compounds from its parts. Therefore, this study focused on determination of the genetic variations between two cultivars (Taify and Yemeni) of pomegranate common agriculture in the Taif area. This was followed by establishment of in vitro micro-propagation system using shoot tips as explants. In vitro conservation of the two cultivars on tissue culture media using the same explants was also conducted. A number of 20 pomegranate samples cultivated in Taif area and belonging to two cultivars were collected (10 sample for each cultivar). DNA extractions were prepared from the pomegranate plant samples and both of random amplified polymorphic of DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) and Inter specific sequence repeat (ISSR) tools were used for determination of the genetic variations between the two cultivars. In vitro micro-propagation system using shoot tips as explants was established for the two pomegranate cultivars under investigation. Results showed that 10 out of 20 RAPD-PCR and ISSR primers showed DNA polymorphisms between the 20 pomegranate samples collected from Taif area. In the present study, good success on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP, and 0.1 mg/L Kin was obtained in the three stages of pomegranate micro-propagation. This was obvious by the highest % of explants initiated shoots; number of initiated shoots per explant and length of produced shoots using shoot tip explants. Results also showed that root producing was obtained best on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L NAA plus 2.00 mg/L IBA among the highest % of rooted shoots (83.3 and 79.6) for the two pomegranate cultivars (Taify and Yemeni), respectively. These auxin combinations were the most effective in number of proliferated shoots per explant and root length. Results showed that the use of full strength MS in combination of 2% of each of sucrose and mannitol as carbon sources was the most effective treatment. As a conclusion, in vitro conservation (slow growth technique) using full strength MS media supplemented with low sucrose and sorbitol concentrations was a suitable method for germplasm conservation. The applied RAPD-PCR and/or ISSR tools could be used to analyze and identify the genetic relationships among pomegranate genotypes.

The public sector is naturally bestowed with a large quantity of public resources by the legislature as custodians of public resources. It remains questionable whether such public resources will fully be effectively and efficiently managed to the benefit of the ordinary people in the street. This article aims to provide a conceptual and theoretical analysis of Cost Performance Improvement as an administrative tool to manage public resources in the custody of the public sector. The article attempts to clarify what Cost Performance is and specifically narrates on the approaches and techniques for effective and efficient management of public resources in the public sector. The article also attempts to persuade public officials to gain a perceptive niche of the categorisation of public resources and thus develop their own ontology of managing public resources through the application of CPI in relation to established public resources management practices. The article also provides a basis for further discussion and research into CPI as a theory for emerging Public Sector Management Techniques (PSMT) in the public sector for the purpose of public resource management and for exploring the feasibility of adopting CPI within the public sector and concludes by proposing the use of CPI as a model to enhance the prudent management of public resources in the South public sector.

On-time delivery of public services by government departments is becoming urgent. This article explores the correlation between time management as an administrative tool to manage time for public service delivery and response to service delivery bottlenecks during the public services delivery process. This is also contextualised by the public outcry and demonstration for on-time delivery of quality public services. The argument in this article focuses on the application of time management as an appropriate administrative tool for charting and planning public services and dates of delivery. In terms of the South African Local Government Turnaround Strategy (LGTAS), time management, public policy implementation and service delivery dates become essential for local government. The article concludes that a clear understanding of the application of time management would effectively, efficiently and economically enhance the process of public service delivery. The article indicates that the existing challenges of delays and that a more active approach is necessary for charting and planning government activities to a point of determining the critical time of public service delivery. However, the focus should rather be placed on the day-to-day scheduling of public service delivery though the use of time management.